🌳 Data Structures

Data structures are the building blocks of every program ever written. Every app on your phone, every website you visit, and every database behind them uses data structures to store and organize information efficiently.

This course teaches every major data structure from first principles not just how to use them, but why they exist, what problems they solve, and how to choose the right one. Every concept is introduced with a real-world analogy, implemented in Python, and analyzed for performance. You'll understand Big O notation, implement linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs, and hash tables from scratch, and know exactly when to use each one.

The expanded curriculum includes applied modules on Abstract data types and operation contracts, Dynamic arrays and amortized resizing, Singly linked lists and pointer invariants, Doubly linked lists and deletion trade-offs, Stacks for parsing and undo history. Lessons pair formal models with worked examples, diagrams or traces, failure analysis, practice questions, and references for independent verification.